Tuesday, August 25, 2020

The Computer Vision Syndrome Essay Example for Free

The Computer Vision Syndrome Essay Near 150 million individuals sit before a PC screen every day. A considerable lot of them go through over two hours one after another, concentrating on screens as they complete work undertakings, blog, or simply surf the web. In the event that a huge part of your day includes PC time, you might be at the danger of CVS-Computer Vision Syndrome as well. What is Computer Vision Syndrome? As per the American Optometric Association, CVS is a lot of side effects that are totally identified with working with a PC. These side effects can influence both the eyes and musculoskeletal pieces of the body. Simply, CVS happens when an individual overburden the natural eye by requesting that it act in delayed circumstances that it was not intended to do. Studies have discovered that most of video show laborers experience some eye or vision side effects. A national overview of specialists of optometry found that over 14% of their patients present with eye or vision-related manifestations coming about because of this sort of work. The most widely recognized indications are: †¢ Blurred Vision when investigating the separation †¢ Double Vision †¢ Stinging of the eyes †¢ Excessive tearing of the eyes †¢ Headaches †¢ Neck or shoulder torment. (Keep in the psyche that these manifestations are commonly experienced after drawn out times of PC work or, over the long run, because of dynamic eye strain related with CVS). What Causes CVS? In contrast to printed matter, a PC screen shows words and pictures using pixels which are multi-dimensional and differ interestingly. The eye is continually striving to suit as it centers and pulls together around the reviewed zones of these joined pixels. The eye focal point must work harder to help the capacity of sight. In the long run, the eye tires and gets apathetic. This clarifies why vision obscures happen and why it is hard to turn away from the screen and see removed items plainly. One of the most critical natural elements influencing work with shows is lighting. Brilliant lights in the fringe field of view may cause uneasiness glare. A worthy lighting level may require a trade off between the measure of light expected to improve VDT screen perceivability and decrease reflections and glare and that expected to perform other office perusing and work assignments. The splendor of the screen and the encompassing room ought to be adjusted. For dull foundation screens this regularly requires utilizing lower light levels. The splendor and differentiation ought to be changed in accordance with furnish offset with room lighting and most extreme perceivability. Stinging of the eyes and eye bothering can be brought about by the dry air, and featuring at the screen. It diminished number of flickering and expanded pace of tear dissipation, which impact the dry eyes. The nearness of even minor vision issues can regularly fundamentally influence the specialist solace and execution. Uncorrected farsightedness, astigmatism, and binocular vision (eye coordination and eye centering) issues can be major contributing elements to VDT related eye pressure. What would i be able to do in the event that I figure I may be experiencing eye issues related with CVS? From the outset you need to consider constraining the time you spend front of the PC. It is regularly unaccomplishable, however there are a few different techniques as well: †¢ Seeing an ophthalmologist is a decent initial phase in to decide if you have an issue like Computer Vision Syndrome. †¢ Eyeglasses or contact focal points endorsed for general use may not be satisfactory for PC work. Exceptional focal point structures, focal point force or focal point colors or coatings may assist with expanding visual capacities and solace, and causes you limit eye strain, and get ideal eye execution. †¢ You need to set up your computer’s place appropriately. The screen must have an ideal stature and good ways from your eyes. †¢ The shade of screen characters may likewise influence perceivability. The shade of the characters can influence how the eyes center around the screen. Monochrome, or single shading shows frequently give increasingly ideal pictures to word handling. Dull letters on a light foundation or reverse could by and large give a more lucid picture than green, yellow-orange, blue or red characters. †¢ You may to set the best possible differentiation and splendor setting on your screen as well, to make it increasingly visible.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Music Appreciation ch. 35-41 Essay Example

Music Appreciation ch. 35-41 Paper Which of the accompanying choral sorts was NOT created during the Baroque? part melody A melodic setting of the Mass for the Dead is called: a Requiem Oratorios basically drew their accounts from: the Bible Mozarts Requiem was: his last work, deficient at his passing Who finished Mozarts Requiem? Sã ¼ssmayr The Dies irae content from the Requiem Mass depicts: Day of atonement Which of the accompanying effectively depicts the melodic powers for Mozarts Requiem? winds, metal, strings, timpani, ensemble, and four soloists The ________ goes with the baritone voice in the Tuba mirum area of Mozarts Requiem. trombone Which of the accompanying best depicts the mind-set of the Dies irae from Mozarts Requiem? dreadful and afterward pondering The content of Mozarts Requiem is sung in: Latin The German expression for the workmanship melody is: Lied A tune whose content is a short verse sonnet in German with piano backup is known as a: Lied _______ was NOT a significant arranger of nineteenth-century Lieder. Heinrich Heine Which of coming up next was NOT a normal subject of Romantic verse? recognition of the Virgin Mary The most loved subjects of the Romantic artists were: love, yearning, and nature A gathering of Lieder brought together by an account string or by an engaging or expressive topic is called a(n): tune cycle A tune structure in which a similar tune is rehashed for each verse of content is called: strophic A tune that is formed from start to finish without redundancy of entire areas is called: through made A tune structure in which the primary tune is rehashed for a few verses however presents new or altogether shifted material when the content requires it is called: changed strophic Schubert was conceived in: Vienna Schubert and his companions sorted out night get-togethers of craftsmen, journalists, and performers, called: Schubertiads Schubert carried on with an unfortunately short life yet was an amazingly productive arranger of: Lieder, orchestral compositions, piano music (the entirety of the abovementioned) In which sort was Schubert NOT obligated to Classical conventions? Lied Around what number of melodies did Schubert make? more than 600 Schubert composed a few tune cycles, including: Winters Journey Schuberts tune Elfking is a setting of a number composed by: Geothe Schuberts Lied Elfking is in ________ structure. through-made Which of coming up next is valid for Schuberts Elfking? It is the showstopper of his childhood, It depends on a legend that whoever is moved by the lord of the mythical beings must kick the bucket, It presents four characters who are separated in the music (the entirety of the abovementioned) In Schuberts Elfking, the over the top triplet cadence of the piano backup speaks to: the running of the pony Which melodic gadgets does Schubert use to depict the childs dread in Elfking? high range and discord The writer who established the New Journal of Music was: Robert Schumann Robert Schumanns spouse, Clara, was: the little girl of his piano instructor, one of the chief musicians of her day, the motivation for A Poets Love (the entirety of the abovementioned) Robert Schumann finished his profession and life: in a haven, the aftereffect of a psychological instability Robert Schumanns A Poets Love is a: tune cycle Robert Schumanns A Poets Love is set to writings by: Heinrich Heine Which of the accompanying doesn't depict Schumanns A Poets Love? it recounts to a nitty gritty story of a lost love Schumanns In the dazzling month of May is from which tune cycle? A Poets Love What is the type of In the dazzling month of May? strophic Which of the accompanying doesn't portray Schumanns In the dazzling month of May? it closes with consonant goals Which of the accompanying doesn't portray American well known music of the nineteenth century? the authors were in every case notable Which of the accompanying portrays music in America during the mid nineteenth century? music was to a great extent imported through Europe What is vernacular music? well known tunes sung in a countrys local language What nationality was Stephen Foster? American Which nineteenth-century American arranger is best associated with his parlor tunes and minstrel show tunes? Stephen Foster Which of the accompanying best portrays minstrelsy? shows that highlighted entertainers in blackface Stephen Foster made all out of the accompanying tunes EXCEPT: At the point when Johnny Comes Marching Home Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair is: a parlor melody The type of Fosters Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair is: strophic Encourages Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair depends on a sonnet by: Encourage himself The most significant console instrument of the Romantic time frame was the: piano Which of the accompanying doesn't describe the piano? it is prepared to do just a single powerful level Which of the accompanying instruments is fit for playing both tune and congruity? piano Which of coming up next was NOT a specialized improvement to the nineteenth-century piano? a subsequent console was included The short, verse piano piece is what could be compared to: the tune During the nineteenth century, Prelude, Impromptu, and Intermezzo were basic titles for: character pieces Nineteenth-century writers of the short, verse piano piece included: Johannes Brahms, Frã ©dã ©ric Chopin, Robert Schumann (the entirety of the abovementioned) Chopin is credited with building up the: current piano style Which nineteenth-century arrangers whole yield revolved around the piano? Chopin Chopin spent his initial a long time in: Poland Chopin burned through the greater part of his profitable life in: Paris With which well known writer did Chopin become impractically included? George Sand Chopin made works in all out of the accompanying sorts EXCEPT the: orchestra Which of the accompanying doesn't describe the music of Chopin? held feelings What is the beginning of the mazurka? a Polish laborer move Which of the accompanying doesn't describe Chopins Mazurka in B-level Minor, Op. 24, No. 4? basic A-B-A structure Regarding Chopins music, the term rubato implies that the entertainer should: mistreat the rhythm Which writer is known as the artist of the piano? Frã ©dã ©ric Chopin Which of the accompanying best portrays the job of ladies in nineteenth-century music? the piano given ladies a socially satisfactory exhibition outfit Which of coming up next was a prominent lady writer of the Romantic period? Clara Schumann Which of the accompanying ladies sorted out salons including music by her sibling? Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel was debilitated from seeking after a profession as an arranger in light of the fact that: she was a lady Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels yield is commanded by: Lieder and piano music Which of the accompanying made the piano cycle The Year? Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel thought of her cycle The Year for: piano The original copy for Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels September: At the River, from The Year, has graceful lines by: Johann Wolfgang von Geothe Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels September: At the River, from The Year, is in ________ structure. A-B-A How does Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels The Year arrive at a degree of accomplishment past that of her sibling Felix? it is a huge scope work brought together by melodic and extramusical joins In which nation was Franz Liszt conceived? Hungary Which author is commonly viewed as the best piano player and artist of the Romantic time? Liszt Liszt was enlivened by the virtuoso musician: Paganini Which of coming up next was the primary universally acclaimed American author of old style music? Louis Moreau Gottschalk Louis Moreau Gottschalk was conceived in: New Orleans Louis Moreau Gottschalk is most popular for his ________. solo piano music Which of the accompanying proclamations about Louis Moreau Gottschalk isn't correct? he burned through a large portion of his inventive life in Europe Louis Moreau Gottschalk put together a significant number of his works with respect to: South American and Caribbean tunes Which of the accompanying doesn't describe Gottschalks The Banjo? constrained range The natural tune cited close to the finish of Gottschalks work The Banjo is: Camptown Races Instrumental music supplied with abstract, philosophical, or pictorial affiliations is called: program music Which of the accompanying pieces is LEAST liable to be a case of program music? string group of four in B-level major Music made without abstract or pictorial implications is called outright music A multimovement, automatic work for symphony is known as a: program orchestra Which of the accompanying writers is viewed as the principal extraordinary example of melodic Romanticism in France? Berlioz Hector Berlioz was conceived and burned through the majority of his profession in: France Which of coming up next isn't normal for the music of Berlioz? as is run of the mill of French music, feelings are controlled Which of coming up next isn't a work by Berlioz? Italian Symphony Berliozs Symphonie fantastique is a case of a: program ensemble What number of developments are in Berliozs Symphonie fantastique? five Which of the accompanying roused Berliozs Symphonie fantastique? the on-screen character Harriet Smithson Which of coming up next isn't valid for Berliozs Symphonie fantastique? the program manages nature In Berliozs Symphonie fantastique, the idã ©e fixe: represents the dearest, repeats as required by the abstract program, brings together the five developments, which are

Saturday, August 8, 2020

2012 Application is Now Live COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

2012 Application is Now Live COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The title of this post pretty much says it all.   The application for 2012 admission consideration is now available and we encourage applicants to get started by clicking here to begin the application.   We use the same application for all our programs, except for one.   For the PhD application please click here. Program deadlines do differ so please see this page for details on all of our deadlines. There is no rush to complete the application right away, however by logging in and clicking around you can become familiar with the steps you will need to complete and with the application interface.   You can also view all of our requirements in one place by clicking here. Most importantly, stay tuned to this blog for application advice.   We will be covering lots of topics related to submitting the most competitive application possible. Also, if you started an application in the past and plan to continue working on it, please review any information previously submitted carefully.   We have made some modifications to the application and reviewing your previous information submitted will ensure that you submit the appropriate and correct information we need to review your application. One final note, while we welcome applicants to begin filling in the application we are still cleaning up one item the PDF that applicants can view prior to submitting the application.   As a final check we give applicants the opportunity to view the entire application as a PDF (minus recommendation letters) before submitting it to check for errors.   We should have the few remaining changes made within five business days so while it is unlikely that applicants will submit the application right away, if you are eager and do complete the process and notice a few fields that are blank on the PDF, we are working to correct this. Thank you and we look forward to helping you complete the process.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Family Dynamics An Amalgam Of Individuals, Sharing...

Family dynamics are inherently fascinating; an amalgam of individuals, sharing genetic data, manufacture an implied social contract to care for one another. Those who are included in the family are those who choose to actively participate in family governance and support, as well as the youth of those participants. Moreover, as the youth progress towards adulthood, they are presented with a path of choices and directions that will define their individualism and their future inclusion in the family. Quite often, the youth can become antithetical to one another as they choose different paths. Nevertheless, having shared a great deal of traits in their upbringing, much can be learned in comparing their successes and failures which often have eerily inverse parallels. In the late 19th and early 20th century, the imperialistic era, countries such as Britain, Germany, Portugal and France all held parental roles over their respective colonies in Sub-Saharan Africa. France in particular was largely involved in West Africa. Having colonized almost one third of the dark continent, France undoubtedly left her footprint in what is today’s Senegal and Cà ´te D’Ivoire. These two French Speaking African nations were the epicenter of what was once called French West Africa. The nations truly adopted a French culture and political ideology. For example, in World War II, the Senegalese and Ivoirians fought proudly for their parent country against the axis powers. After the war the AtlanticShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesInferences Based on the Estimated Regression Line (Optional) 725 13.5 Inferences About the Population Correlation Coefï ¬ cient (Optional) 734 13.6 Interpreting and Communicating the Results of Statistical Analyses 737 Activity 13.1 Are Tall Women from â€Å"Big† Families? 739 Graphing Calculator Exploration 746 14 Multiple Regression Analysis 749 14.1 Multiple Regression Models 750 14.2 Fitting a Model and Assessing Its Utility 763 14.3 Inferences Based on an Estimated Model 14-1 14.4 Other Issues in Multiple

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

The Soviet Union And Czechoslovakia Essay - 1679 Words

The Benevolence of State Socialism and the Brutality of Its Application in the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia The promises of state socialism and with it Communism were nothing short of fantasy turned reality for the deeply impoverished working classes of the Russian empire at the beginning of the twentieth century. The uneducated and desperate people of the Russian empire were eager to believe in a social and political system that promised to finally deliver them from the crushing burdens placed on them by the aristocrats, capitalism and the class system. Unfortunately for them the reality of these new systems would be far from the promised utopian society of continuous prosperity and absolute equality. There would not be the freedom from the class system as promised by Communist propaganda instead in its place would be a less obtrusive and more industrialized version the class system that had existed before. Everyone would not share evenly the prosperity and wealth as promised either, instead those who were controlling the government would reap the greater rewards such as choice of living arrangements and top pick of academic endeavors. Those who had seized the government in the interest of the working class would not completely fulfil their promise to educate their working-class comrades to a level sufficient to take control of the government. Vladimir Lenin’s views on Communism and the process necessary for achieving state socialism would be the first attempts thatShow MoreRelatedThe Warsaw Pact Invasion of Czechoslovakia1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe Warsaw Pact Invasion of Czechoslovakia The world political conversation today is the state of affairs in the Ukraine with protester in recent months protesting for a more pro-western European influence of government. Since the Ukraine has been in an economic crisis in the last few years, the current President Viktor F. Yanukovich decided to take an aid package from the Russian’s. This acceptance of the Russian aid package infuriated many in the Ukraine and has stifled the government withRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Peaceful Revolution During Czechoslovakia From Economic And Political Weekly, A Social Science Fiction Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesIn an article titled â€Å"Peaceful Revolution in Czechoslovakia† from Economic and Political Weekly, a social science journal created in India in 1949 that covers international topics, the beginnings of the Prague Spring were told as of April 27th, 1968. The tone of the article is optimistic about the new liberalization seen in Czechoslovakia to this point, but there is also a tone of uncertainty about what exactly will happen. The author of the article knows that major changes are being made, so quicklyRead MoreShort Answer Questions On Gorbachev s Reforms1305 Words   |  6 Pagescontrolled propaganda. Gorbachev’s reforms led to the rise of Yeltsin in Russia and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, but also to revolutions in Eastern Europe as Brezhnev Doctrine was abandoned and the satellite states were able to plot their own paths forward (although Gorbachev did not anticipate their desertion of socialism). 3) Prague Spring Economic decline in Czechoslovakia inspired political unrest, that caused President Novotny to lose support. Dubcek replaced Novotny as Party leaderRead MoreLeadership in the Uprising: Comparison of Different Uprising1477 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Soviet Union spread their political ideology among the countries of East Central Europe. Instantly, Josef Stalin spread Stalinization across each of the countries to assert Soviet control. He created totalitarian governments with limited freedoms for its citizens. Following the death of Stalin, the new leader of the Soviet Union, Nika Khrushchev, began changing the repressive policies of Stalin, opening the doors to the countries of East Central Europe to challenge the rule of the Soviets. UsingRead MoreThe War Of The Radio Building1524 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"August 20, 1968: Soviets Invade Prauge, Democracy Comes to an End†. The last part, Democracy Comes to an End, was particularly disturbing to him. With a sudden burst of co urage, he resolved that it would not happen before he draws his last breath. When Dominik heard the low rumble of a diesel engine growing louder, he did not run and hide. Instead, he clenched his fists, looking left and right at the approximately twenty other journalists determined to defend the radio building. A Soviet personnel carrierRead MoreEssay on Czechoslovakia875 Words   |  4 Pagesthe face of Eastern Europe. With the collapse of the Soviet authority in 1989, many of the Eastern European countries claimed their independence, and started the process of Democratization in a Post-Communist environment. On January 1, 1993, almost three years after they claimed independence, the first Czechoslovakian constitution was ratified, thus putting the wheel of Democracy into motion. For a little more than ten years, Czechoslovakia has been fashioning itself into a more Democratized countryRead MoreDiscussion of the Causes of the Cold War Essay858 Words   |  4 Pagesand the Sovi et Union had all been allies, fighting against Germany. After World War Two, Britain, France and the Usa had become enemies of the Soviets. The Cold War was caused by several events. The first of the nine events was the yalta conference. The yalta conference was held on 4th February through the 11th 1945. The main discussion was the future of poland, it was decided that poland would be divided and much of the eastern sector was given to the Soviets and theRead MoreWho Was to Blame for the Cold War? Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pagesideologies. It was only the need for self-preservation that had caused the two countries to sink their differences temporarily during the Second World War. Yet many of the tensions that existed in the Cold War can be attributed to Stalins policy of Soviet expansion. It is necessary, therefore, to examine the role of Stalin as a catalyst to the Cold War. Stalins foreign policies contributed an enormous amount to the tensions of the Cold War. His aim, to take advantage of the military situationRead MoreEssay on Tension and Suspicion Between U.S. and Russia1310 Words   |  6 Pagessuspicion and tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union was a Communist country ruled by a dictator while America was a capitalist democracy that valued freedom. Their completely different beliefs and aims caused friction to form between them, which contributed to the creation of the Cold War. At the start of the first world war, Germany and the Soviet Union signed a nonaggression pact. With Germany and the Soviet Union being allies, the rest of the world had their suspicionsRead MoreThe Revolutionary Change Of Eastern Europe1581 Words   |  7 Pages349-01 12/4/2015 Throughout years of self proclaimed domination spanning from the time after the second world war, The Soviet Union entered the final stage of its’ existence after the election of Mikhail Gorbachev as General Secretary of the Communist Party in 1985. The election of the new Soviet leader would be the catalyst for change not only in the crumbling Soviet Union, but also in the rest of rebellious Eastern Europe. It was the beginning of a new era and there was no more glorious revolution

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Forrest Gump Chapter One Free Essays

string(160) " maybe it would hep me to be like everbody else, but after I been there a little wile they come an told Mama I ought’n to be in there with everbody else\." Chapter One Let me say this: bein a idiot is no box of chocolates. People laugh, lose patience, treat you shabby. Now they says folks sposed to be kind to the afflicted, but let me tell you — it ain’t always that way. We will write a custom essay sample on Forrest Gump Chapter One or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even so, I got no complaints, cause I reckon I done live a pretty interestin life, so to speak. I been a idiot since I was born. My IQ is near 70, which qualifies me, so they say. Probly, tho, I’m closer to bein a imbecile or maybe even a moron, but personally, I’d rather think of mysef as like a halfwit, or somethin — an not no idiot — cause when people think of a idiot, more’n likely they be thinkin of one of them Mongolian idiots — the ones with they eyes too close together what look like Chinamen an drool a lot an play with theyselfs. Now I’m slow — I’ll grant you that, but I’m probly a lot brighter than folks think, cause what goes on in my mind is a sight different than what folks see. For instance, I can think things pretty good, but when I got to try sayin or writin them, it kinda come out like jello or somethin. I’ll show you what I mean. The other day, I’m walkin down the street an this man was out workin in his yard. He’d got hissef a bunch of shrubs to plant an he say to me, â€Å"Forrest, you wanna earn some money?† an I says, â€Å"Uh-huh,† an so he sets me to movin dirt. Damn near ten or twelve wheelbarrows of dirt, in the heat of the day, truckin it all over creation. When I’m thru he reach in his pocket for a dollar. What I shoulda done was raised Cain about the low wages, but instead, I took the damn dollar an all I could say was â€Å"thanks† or somethin dumb-soundin like that, an I went on down the street, waddin an unwaddin that dollar in my hand, feelin like a idiot. You see what I mean? Now I know somethin bout idiots. Probly the only thing I do know bout, but I done read up on em — all the way from that Doy-chee-eveskie guy’s idiot, to King Lear’s fool, an Faulkner’s idiot, Benjie, an even ole Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird — now he was a serious idiot. The one I like best tho is ole Lennie in Of Mice an Men. Mos of them writer fellers got it straight — cause their idiots always smarter than people give em credit for. Hell, I’d agree with that. Any idiot would. Hee Hee. When I was born, my mama name me Forrest, cause of General Nathan Bedford Forrest who fought in the Civil War. Mama always said we was kin to General Forrest’s fambly someways. An he was a great man, she say, cept’n he started up the Ku Klux Klan after the war was over an even my grandmama say they’s a bunch of no-goods. Which I would tend to agree with, cause down here, the Grand Exalted Pishposh, or whatever he calls hissef, he operate a gun store in town an once, when I was maybe twelve year ole, I were walkin by there and lookin in the winder an he got a big hangman’s noose strung up inside. When he seen me watchin, he done thowed it around his own neck an jerk it up like he was hanged an let his tongue stick out an all so’s to scare me. I done run off and hid in a parkin lot behin some cars til somebody call the police an they come an take me home to my mama. So whatever else ole General Forrest done, startin up that Klan thing was not a good i dea — any idiot could tell you that. Nonetheless, that’s how I got my name. My mama is a real fine person. Everbody says that. My daddy, he got kilt just after I’s born, so I never known him. He worked down to the docks as a longshoreman an one day a crane was takin a big net load of bananas off one of them United Fruit Company boats an somethin broke an the bananas fell down on my daddy an squashed him flat as a pancake. One time I heard some men talkin bout the accident — say it was a helluva mess, half ton of all them bananas an my daddy squished underneath. I don’t care for bananas much myself, cept for banana puddin. I like that all right. My mama got a little pension from the United Fruit people an she took in boarders at our house, so we got by okay. When I was little, she kep me inside a lot, so as the other kids wouldn’t bother me. In the summer afternoons, when it was real hot, she used to put me down in the parlor an pull the shades so it was dark an cool an fix me a pitcher of limeade. Then she’d set there an talk to me, jus talk on an on bout nothin in particular, like a person’ll talk to a dog or cat, but I got used to it an liked it cause her voice made me feel real safe an nice. At first, when I’s growin up, she’d let me go out an play with everbody, but then she foun out they’s teasing me an all, an one day a boy hit me in the back with a stick wile they was chasin me an it raised some fearsome welt. After that, she tole me not to play with them boys anymore. I started tryin to play with the girls but that weren’t much better, cause they all run away from me. Mama thought it would be good for me to go to the public school cause maybe it would hep me to be like everbody else, but after I been there a little wile they come an told Mama I ought’n to be in there with everbody else. You read "Forrest Gump Chapter One" in category "Essay examples" They let me finish out first grade tho. Sometimes I’d set there wile the teacher was talkin an I don’t know what was going on in my mind, but I’d start lookin out the winder at the birds an squirrels an things that was climbin an settin in a big ole oak tree outside, an then the teacher’d come over an fuss at me. Sometimes, I’d just get this real strange thing come over me an start shoutin an all, an then she’d make me go out an set on a bench in the hall. An the other kids, they’d never play with me or nothin, cept’n to chase me or get me to start hollerin so’s they could laugh at me — all cept Jenny Curran, who at least did n’t run away from me an sometimes she’d let me walk nex to her goin home after class. But the next year, they put me in another sort of school, an let me tell you, it was wierd. It was like they’d gone aroun collectin all the funny fellers they coud find an put em all together, rangin from my age an younger to big ole boys bout sixteen or seventeen. They was retards of all kinds an spasmos an kids that couldn’t even eat or go to the toilet by theyselfs. I was probly the best of the lot. They was one big fat boy, musta been fourteen or so, an he was afflicted with some kinda thing made him shake like he’s in the electric chair or somethin. Miss Margaret, our teacher, made me go in the bathroom with him when he had to go, so’s he wouldn’t do nothin wierd. He done it anyway, tho. I didn’t know no way of stoppin him, so I’d just lock mysef in one of the stalls and stay there till he’s thru, an walk him back to the class. I stayed in that school for about five or six years. It wadn’t all bad tho. They’d let us paint with our fingers an make little things, but mostly, it jus teachin us how to do stuff like tie up our shoes an not slobber food or get wild an yell an holler an thow shit aroun. They wadn’t no book learnin to speak of — cept to show us how to read street signs an things like the difference between the Men’s an the Ladies’ rooms. With all them serious nuts in there, it woulda been impossible to conduct anythin more’n that anyway. Also, I think it was for the purpose of keepin us out of everbody else’s hair. Who the hell wants a bunch of retards runnin aroun loose? Even I could understand that. When I got to be thirteen, some pretty unusual things begun to happen. First off, I started to grow. I grew six inches in six months, an my mama was all the time havin to let out my pants. Also, I commenced to grow out. By the time I was sixteen I was six foot six an weighed two hundrit forty-two pounds. I know that cause they took me in an weighed me. Said they jus couldn’t believe it. What happen nex caused a real change in my life. One day I’m strollin down the street on the way home from nut school, an a car stop longside of me. This guy call me over an axed my name. I tole him, an then he axed what school I go to, an how come he ain’t seen me aroun. When I tell him bout the nut school, he axed if I’d ever played football. I shook my head. I guess I mighta tole him I’d seen kids playin it, but they’d never let me play. But like I said, I ain’t too good at long conversation, an so I jus shook my head. That was about two weeks after school begun again. Three days or so later, they come an got me outta the nut school. My mama was there, an so was the guy in the car an two other people what look like goons — who I guess was present in case I was to start somethin. They took all the stuff outta my desk an put it in a brown paper bag an tole me to say goodbye to Miss Margaret, an alls of a sudden she commence to start cryin an give me a big ole hug. Then I got to say goodbye to all the other nuts, an they was droolin an spasmoin an beatin on the desks with they fists. An then I was gone. Mama rode up in the front seat with the guy an I set in back in between them goons, jus like police done in them ole movies when they took you â€Å"downtown.† Cept we didn’t go downtown. We went to the new highschool they had built. When we got there they took me inside to the principal’s office an Mama an me an the guy went in wile the two goons waited in the hall. The principal was an ole gray-haired man with a stain on his tie an baggy pants who look like he coulda come outta the nut school hissef. We all sat down an he begun splainin things an axein me questions, an I just nodded my head, but what they wanted was for me to play football. That much I figgered out on my own. Turns out the guy in the car was the football coach, name of Fellers. An that day I didn’t go to no class or nothin, but Coach Fellers, he took me back to the locker room an one of the goons rounded me up a football suit with all them pads an stuff an a real nice plastic helmet with a thing in front to keep my face from gettin squished in. The only thing was, they couldn’t find no shoes to fit me, so’s I had to use my sneakers till they could order the shoes. Coach Fellers an the goons got me dressed up in the football suit, an then they made me undress again, an then do it all over again, ten or twenty times, till I could do it by mysef. One thing I had trouble with for a wile was that jockstrap thing — cause I couldn’t see no real good reason for wearing it. Well, they tried splainin it to me, an then one of the goons says to the other that I’m a â€Å"dummy† or somethin like that, an I guess he thought I wouldn’t understand him, but I did, on account of I pay special attention to that kind of shit. Not that it hurt my feelins. Hell, I been called a sight worse than that. But I took notice of it, nonetheless. After a wile a bunch of kids started comin into the locker room an takin out they football stuff and gettin into it. Then we all went outside an Coach Fellers got everbody together an he stood me up in front of them an introduced me. He was sayin a bunch of shit that I wadn’t followin real close cause I was haf scared to death, on account of nobody had ever introduced me before to a bunch of strangers. But afterward some of the others come up an shook my hand an say they is glad I am here an all. Then Coach Fellers blowed a whistle, what like to make me leap outta my skin an everbody started jumpin around to get exercise. It’s a kind of long story what all happened nex, but anyway, I begun to play football. Coach Fellers an one of the goons hepped me out special since I didn’t know how to play. We had this thing where you sposed to block people an they were tryin to splain it all, but when we tried it a bunch of times everbody seemed to be gettin disgusted cause I couldn’t remember what I was sposed to do. Then they tried this other thing they call the defense, where they put three guys in front of me an I am sposed to get thru them an grap the guy with the football. The first part was easier, cause I could just shove the other guys’ heads down, but they were unhappy with the way I grapped the guy with the ball, an finally they made me go an tackle a big oak tree about fifteen or twenty times — to get the feel of it, I spose. But after a wile, when they figgered I had learnt somethin from the oak tree, they put me back with the three guys an the ball carrier an then got mad I didn’t jump on him real vicious-like after I moved the others out of the way. I took a lot of abuse that afternoon, but when we quit practicin I went in to see Coach Fellers an tole him I didn’t want to jump on the ball guy cause I was afraid of hurtin him. Coach, he say that it wouldn’t hurt him, cause he was in his football suit an was protected. The truth is, I wasn’t s o much afraid of hurtin him as I was that he’d get mad at me an they’d start chasin me again if I wadn’t real nice to everbody. To make a long story short, it took me a wile to get the hang of it all. Meantime I got to go to class. In the nut school, we really didn’t have that much to do, but here they was far more serious about things. Somehow, they had worked it out so’s I had three homeroom classes where you jus set there an did whatever you wanted, an then three other classes where there was a lady who was teachin me how to read. Jus the two of us. She was real nice an pretty and more’n once or twice I had nasty thoughts about her. Miss Henderson was her name. About the only class I liked was lunch, but I guess you couldn’t call that a class. At the nut school, my mama would fix me a sambwich an a cookie an a piece of fruit — cept no bananas — an I’d take it to school with me. But in this school they was a cafeteria with nine or ten different things to eat an I’d have trouble makin up my mind what I wanted. I think somebody must of said somethin, cause after a week or so Coach Fellers come up to me an say to just go ahead an eat all I wanted cause it been â€Å"taken care of.† Hot damn! Guess who should be in my homeroom class but Jenny Curran. She come up to me in the hall an say she remember me from first grade. She was all growed up now, with pretty black hair an she was long-legged an had a beautiful face, an they was other things too, I dare not mention. The football was not goin exactly to the likin of Coach Fellers. He seemed displeased a lot an was always shoutin at people. He shouted at me too. They tried to figger out some way for me to just stay put an keep other folks from grappin our guy carryin the ball, but that didn’t work cept when they ran the ball right up the middle of the line. Coach was not too happy with my tacklin neither, an let me tell you, I spent a lot of time at that oak tree. But I just couldn’t get to where I would thow mysef at the ball guy like they wanted me to do. Somethin kep me from it. Then one day a event happen that changed all that too. In the cafeteria I had started gettin my food and goin over to set nex to Jenny Curran. I wouldn’t say nothin, but she was jus bout the only person in the school I knew halfways, an it felt good setting there with her. Most of the time she didn’t pay me no attention, an talked with other people. At first I’d been settin with some of the football players, but they acted like I was invisible or somethin. At least Jenny Curran acted like I was there. But after a wile of this, I started to notice this other guy was there a lot too, an he starts makin wisecracks bout me. Sayin shit like â€Å"How’s Dumbo?† an all. And this gone on for a week or two, an I was sayin nothin, but finally I says — I can’t hardly believe I said it even now — but I says, â€Å"I ain’t no Dumbo,† an the guy jus looked at me an starts laughin. An Jenny Curran, she say to the guy to keep quie t, but he takes a carton of milk an pours it in my lap an I jump up an run out cause it scares me. A day or so later, that guy come up to me in the hall an says he’s gonna â€Å"get† me. All day I was afraid terribily, an later that afternoon, when I was leaving to go to the gym, there he is, with a bunch of his friends. I tried to go the other way, but he come up to me an start pushin me on the shoulders. An he’s sayin all kinds of bad things, callin me a â€Å"stupo† an all, an then he hit me in the stomach. It didn’t hurt so much, but I was startin to cry and I turned an begun to run, an heard him behind me an the others was runnin after me too. I jus run as fast as I could toward the gym, across the practice football field an suddenly I seen Coach Fellers, settin up in the bleachers watchin me. The guys who was chasin me stop and go away, an Coach Fellers, he has got this real peculiar look on his face, an tell me to get suited up right away. A wile later, he come in the locker room with these plays drawn on a piece of paper — three of them — an say for me to memorize them best I can. That afternoon at the football practice, he line everbody up in two teams an suddenly the quarterback give me the ball an I’m sposed to run outside the right end of the line to the goalpost. When they all start chasin me, I run fast as I can — it was seven or eight of them before they could drag me down. Coach Fellers is mighty happy; jumpin up and down an yellin an slappin everbody on the back. We’d run a lot of races before, to see how fast we could run, but I get a lot faster when I’m bein chased, I guess. What idiot wouldn’t? Anyway, I become a lot more popular after that, an the other guys on the team started bein nicer to me. We had our first game an I was scared to death, but they give me the ball an I run over the goal line two or three times an people never been kinder to me after that. That highschool certainly begun to change things in my life. It even got to where I liked to run with the football, cept it was mostly that they made me run aroun the sides cause I still couldn’t get to where I liked to just run over people like you do in the middle. One of the goons comments that I am the largest highschool halfback in the entire world. I do not think he mean it as a compliment. Otherwise, I was learnin to read a lot better with Miss Henderson. She give me Tom Sawyer an two other books I can’t remember, an I took them home an read em all, but then she give me a test where I don’t do so hot. But I sure enjoyed them books. After a wile, I went back to settin nex to Jenny Curran in the cafeteria, an there weren’t no more trouble for a long time, but then one day in the springtime I was walkin home from school and who should appear but the boy that poured that milk in my lap an chased me that day. He got hissef a stick an start callin me things like â€Å"moron† and â€Å"stupo.† Some other people was watchin an then along comes Jenny Curran, an I’m bout to take off again — but then, for no reason I know, I jus didn’t do it. That feller take his stick an poke me in the stomach with it, an I says to mysef, the hell with this, an I grapped a holt to his arm an with my other hand I knock him upside the head an that was the end of that, more or less. That night my mama get a phone call from the boy’s parents, say if I lay a han on their son again they is goin to call the authorities an have me â€Å"put away.† I tried to splain it to my mama an she say she understand, but I could tell she was worried. She tell me that since I am so huge now, I got to watch mysef, cause I might hurt somebody. An I nodded an promised her I wouldn’t hurt nobody else. That night when I lyin in bed I heard her cryin to hersef in her room. But what that did for me, knockin that boy upside the head, put a definate new light on my football playin. Next day, I axed Coach Fellers to let me run the ball straight on and he say okay, an I run over maybe four or five guys till I’m in the clear an they all had to start chasin me again. That year I made the All State Football team. I couldn’t hardly believe it. My mama give me two pair of socks an a new shirt on my birthday. An she done saved up an bought me a new suit that I wore to get the All State Football award. First suit I ever had. Mama tied my tie for me an off I went. How to cite Forrest Gump Chapter One, Essay examples

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Customers Switching Behavior free essay sample

Relationships and individuals bank switching behavior Abstract We examine the role of relationships between individuals and their banks in determining bank switching behavior. Using data from a survey questionnaire from a random sample of bank customers in the United States, we find that the variables measuring the various dimensions of a relationship significantly lower an individuals propensity to switch banks. We will write a custom essay sample on Customers Switching Behavior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These include the duration of an individuals relationship with her bank, whether or not she has had problems with her bank in the past, and aspects of the quality of the service relationship. An innovation of the current paper lies in incorporating finance/economic aspects of relationship with the various dimensions of service quality relationship collectively as determinants of an individuals propensity to switch banks. The attributes capturing whether or not an individual feels that her bank is responsive, is empathetic and is reliable to her needs, are all significantly negatively correlated with her propensity to switch banks. Our results demonstrate just how relationships may help in limiting bank switching behavior and deliver a strong message to banks about the importance of relationships in retaining loyal customers. Our findings also underscore the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate disciplines to better understand the behavior and decision making of individuals and their banks. Author Keywords: Bank switching; Relationships

Sunday, March 22, 2020

Why Accountability Is Important Essay Example

Why Accountability Is Important Essay Why Accountability Is Important It is important to note first, what accountability is. I will state why it is important as well as go over scenarios in dealing with accountability. Accountability means being liable to being called to account; answerable. A good military definition of the word would be and usually means to be liable for paperwork and or property, and personnel; usually of lesser grade and rank. When dealing with army leadership and duties; being a soldier and or a leader means being accountable for what you do or don’t do as well as implied duties and responsibilities. As a leader, being one means to be accountable not only for one’s actions, but for the actions of the soldiers for which you are assigned. One is to be accountable for equipment that is assigned to one’s-self as well. The department of defense states and defines accountability to be an obligation imposed by law or lawful order or regulation on an officer or other person for keeping accurate record of property, documents, or funds. The person having this obligation may or may not have actual possession of the property, documents, or funds. Accountability is concerned primarily with records, while responsibility is concerned primarily with custody, care, and safe-keeping. But again, let us not get the definitions confused. The term accountability differs from the term of responsibility. There is a big difference. There are reporting procedures and processes for recording and accounting for personnel and equipment. There are different types and ways of reporting within different sizes and types of elements of a command. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Accountability Is Important specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Accountability Is Important specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Accountability Is Important specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There are also ways in which one will report to one who is in a designated duty position and or of higher rank and grade within different elements of commands. The ways in which a soldier may report can be orally or written in order to account for property, equipment, and or personnel. Soldiers must always be accountable for their actions. For every action there is a reaction. Soldiers are to be held to accountable for their actions because they represent the United States of America within the states as well as overseas in other parts of the world. Sometimes, we are the only source of information as to how people may think what our behavior is and how all other Americans may behave in their own country based off of even one soldier’s sole actions whether negative or positive. We must be accountable for what we do or don’t do. If we, as soldiers, are assigned a task that is to be completed, but we fail and do not get it accomplished, then we have to account and answer for it. If we lose a piece of equipment, it becomes lost or destroyed, we have to be held accountable for it and solve the problem to correct the situation however it may need to be corrected. Mission readiness is the answer to why accountability is so important. We must accomplish the mission at all costs with the least amount of loss whether it be soldiers or equipment. Without all of the soldiers or equipment present the mission may not be able to be accomplished. Even if only one soldier or piece of equipment is not present the mission may not be fully capable of being accomplished as the lack of either one would be detrimental to the mission. If a piece of equipment or a soldier is not on time at the start or finish of a mission, it may determine the outcome of the mission in regards to it being accomplished and a success or not. Either way, to be accountable for the pieces of equipment or the lack of soldiers present means providing an answer to someone else whom will have to be accountable for them to another. One will wish to know why a mission was not accomplished. A superior ranking individual will wish to know for sure. One who is accountable must have an answer. If we are not held accountable for our actions then someone else takes the blame or we never except responsibility for them and may become a pattern. If this happens, then we cannot correct the problem that causes the accountability error from the start. This would be due to a cognitive lethargic display of thought processes and or apathy. If it is not the sole cause, but a contributing factor then other problems that affect a soldiers or leaders life may be the main causal factor in not being held accountable for their actions. Someone is always accountable and answerable to the next one in a chain of command. When the answer is needed, an entire chain of command as to why and how a mission did not attain a status of successful or completed, it affects the entire chain of command and the army itself when you really think about it. One could debate about it in regards to the butterfly effect; or the chaos theory. The theory that one small move such as the flap of a butterfly wing or a car accident effects all of us on a world-wide level even though it may seem miniscule in nature. Leaders must be accountable for discipline, leadership, and training of the soldiers. While soldiers are accountable for their actions, equipment, and sometimes when directed, the actions of others; so are leaders for their subordinates actions and so forth up the chain of command. This is all an example of accountability. If we did not have this accountability in process as a standard in the United States Army then we would not be the successful fighting force that we are today. Leaders are under the most stress as they are held accountable for more actions than their soldiers. They are also responsible for training and mentorship of soldiers. They must lead and develop them to become better soldiers and future leaders themselves. Leaders have many duties and responsibilities that they must be accountable for. Keeping accountability of not only people, but equipment also helps cut down on waste. Fraud waste and abuse is a big deal in the army as there are rules and regulations to address these concerns within the army as it is written doctrine. Do you have any idea how much it would cost to replace all the equipment and people lost if leaders simply never noticed they were gone and constantly had to replace them? One of the United States militarys biggest concerns is to never leave a man behind, dead or alive. It is perhaps this knowledge that they will never be left which keeps many troops confident in their job. How hard would you fight if you knew that your life was expendable and should you go missing, you would be written off and forgotten? I know for myself that I would not fight very hard if nobody cared about me in general. Accountability is one of those ways to show subordinates that you do care about them. Others may look at it in a negative way. They may say that, â€Å"Man, he is always on my case about where I am and this and that†, but this is a way to know that one is being cared for. Knowing where items and troops are keeps superiors able to know what can be accomplished and planned as far as missions and tasks. How could a plan be carried out to its full potential if the equipment type and capability and an account for soldiers is not known as well? It would be impossible to get an accurate account in order to plan with without knowledge of this information. Having an account of this information also keeps the army nformed of how many more or less soldiers are needed to accomplish a mission or task. There is paperwork to be processed to help keep accountability for all of the personnel and equipment within any given unit or command group. If property is lost damaged or stolen, one will be held accountable for those issues in regards to them as well. If there is an investigation on the soldier(s) or piece(s) of e quipment, CID will be in charge and held accountable for the investigation. Everyone plays a part in accountability on some level, one way or the other.

Thursday, March 5, 2020

Legalization for an Ancient Plant argumtative essay essays

Legalization for an Ancient Plant argumtative essay essays Legalization for an Ancient Plant (Cannabis Sativa) Marijuana is a controlled substance that should be legalized for medical and recreational use by responsible adults. With the Marijuana proposition coming up on the November ballot for legalization of up to 3 ounces. If approved, could generate massive tax dollars for the state of Nevada. Legalization would also remove a great tax burden from the state for imprisoning and supporting marijuana offenders. Any discussion of marijuana should begin with the fact that there have been numerous official reports and studies, every one of which has concluded that marijuana poses no great risk to society and should decriminalized. (The National Academy of Sciences) "Analysis of Marijuana Policy"(1982) In this argumentative essay, I will discuss the history of marijuana, the effects of marijuana, the ways that marijuana could be utilized in the medical field, and will discuss the reasons that marijuana should be legalized. Marijuana is defined by (dictionary.com), as a strong smelling plants from whose dried leaves a number of euphoria causing and hallucinogenic effects. The synonyms for marijuana are marihuana, ganja, pot, grass, weed, dope, skunk, Mary Jane, and Cannabis Sativa. The plant has been grown for fiber and as a source of medicine for several thousand years. The first uses of cannabis as a medicine are believed to be as an antiseptic and analgesic. Over the years marijuana has been used to treat sore eyes, earaches, edema, inflammation, hemorrhoids, asthma, skin diseases, cholera, stimulate an appetite and even to ease the pains of labor. In the 20th century, the advancements in medicine have allowed doctors to find many more uses for this miracle plant. By isolating the active drug in the marijuana plant doctors have been able to synthesize this drug. Although they have found ways to replicate the drug, it has not been as productive as the smok...

Tuesday, February 18, 2020

It is a mooting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

It is a mooting - Essay Example Therefore, the University cannot exclude itself for any liability as a result of negligence, based on the provisions of term (c) of the tenancy agreement since it does not satisfy the requirements of liability, specifically, Schedule 2(a), which requires that for reasonableness to be satisfied, both parties ought to have bargaining positions relative to each other with regards to the availability of any alternative means via which the requirements of the customer could have been met. This is supported by Phillips v Hyland [1987] 1 WLR 659. Ms. Edwards did not have bargaining power relative to that of the University of East England. With regards to other alternatives, she did not have any other since the University of East England offer was the cheapest, which Ms. Edwards could not find anywhere and as such it seems she was under some sort of pressure. According to Schedule (d), for term c to be deemed reasonable, it must be satisfied that at the time of the contract, compliance to th at term would have been practical. This is supported by Smith v Eric S Bush [1990] UKHL 1 2. ... If it pleases you My Lady, I will start with my first submission My Lady, the appeal before you is for the determination of whether a judge in a trial court erred in law in his decision in favor of the respondent, Ms. Edwards. The Appellant, the University of East England argue that, the trial judge erred in law in his determination that a term in a tenancy contract between the University of East England and Ms. Edwards , specifically term (c), which states, c) In the agreement, the University dissolves itself from taking any responsibility in case of damage to a student’s property within its premises, was â€Å"unreasonable†. According to the Appellant, the University of East England, that term, (c), of the tenancy contract satisfies the thresholds for reasonableness on the basis of Section 2(1-2) of the UCTA 1977. We contest this notion and affirms that, the trial did not make in error in law on the basis of Section 2(1-2), which states, In the case of other loss or d amage, a person cannot so exclude or restrict his liability for negligence except in so far as the term or notice satisfies the requirement of reasonableness. We argue that, the University cannot exclude itself from liability arising from any loss or damage caused by negligence based on term (c) of the tenancy contract since it does not satisfy the requirements of reasonableness. My Lady, Schedule 2(a) of the UCTA 1977, requires that, for a term in a contract to be deemed reasonable, both parties ought to have bargaining positions relative to each other with regards to the availability of any alternative means via which the requirements of the customer could have been met. This was held in Phillips v Hyland [1987] 1 WLR 659, where, Lord Justice Slade, Mr. Justice Neill and Sir John Megaw, held in

Monday, February 3, 2020

Design of Motor Speed Sampling, Amplification, Filtering and Display Essay

Design of Motor Speed Sampling, Amplification, Filtering and Display - Essay Example On the other hand, the display circuit performs digital functions by showing the alpha numeric digits. The distinctive design of the electronic circuits for the control of motor speed control and the subsequent display is the physical approach used in the creation of physical circuits that also check the variations in behavior of various electronic components with close reference to their working. Therefore, the required system is an effective remote controlled DC motor with a speed display on seven segments with the D type flip flop. This type of circuit can be categorically divided into two parts; the PWM generator and the IR transmitter. Additionally, there are a number of ways that the remote control can be used. However, we shall deploy the use common approach of the NE555 with the combination of various components in both modules as illustrated below: Particularly, 555 is widely used for the frequency oscillation and can be obtained through the different frequency range according to the need by changing its subsequent duty cycle. The first part of the circuit is generated by the PWM and this is the input of the second model. Conversely, the second model is responsible for the transmitting of wireless signals at a 38 kHz range. Noteworthy, duty cycles can be changed by the trimming of RV2 variable resistance while the D3 is the IR diodes transmit signals (Krishnan, 2010, p.7). On the other hand, the second circuit represents the response from the first circuit and it receives signals using the IR sensor. These signals are later converted to signals that result in the subsequent motion of the motor. Generally, this represents the remote control switch which is tasked with the conversion of low frequencies into significantly lower voltages between 2v to 5v. This concept is illustrated below: Functionally, Q2 is an IR sensor that receives the transmitter signals and switches the 2N2222A transistor. Therefore, the voltage

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Effect of Contract Based Labourers on Indias Automobiles

Effect of Contract Based Labourers on Indias Automobiles Research Question: How are contract based labourers affecting the productivity of Indian automobile industry? Introduction Research Origin and Focus Area of Research The employment structure in the Indian scenario has been undergoing certain changes due to globalization. The firms in order to be competitive in a global market should have the flexibility relating to labour, capital and various bureaucratic procedures. Only then can it adapt itself to the rapidly changing environment and thereby stay ahead. Although, it has been said that the stringent labour laws not only put the domestic producers at a disadvantageous position but it is also one of the primary factor causing less inflow of foreign direct investment and eventually impact adversely on investment, output and employment. As a result, number of countries has amended their labour laws so as to make them more investment and employment friendly. This has thereby led to different non-permanent employment structures, such as casual labour, contract labour, subcontractors, consultants and others, among which contract labour is the most prominent kind in the Indian industrial sector and in this paper I primarily focus on the Indian automobile sector only at present. In this research, the point to be noted is the contractual employment which is in accordance to the Contract Labour Regulation and Abolition Act, 1970. According to the law, a contract labourer is defined as one who is hired in connection with the work of an establishment by a principal employer through a contractor. Although a contractor tries to produce the given results with the help of a contract labour for the organisation, a principal employer is the person responsible for the control of an establishment. Over the years the pace of contracting has increased dramatically both across borders as well as within. The research will be dealing with the effect of these outsourcing activities. According to the WTO-ILO report (2009), contracting has largely taken place in the emerging economies. Now what could be the consequences of contracting on the labour productivity of a particular firm within the country is what this research paper will be discussing about. Although a lot has been discussed about the rights in terms of wages and other emoluments for the contractual labour, not much has been said about the productivity of the contractual labour. Much has been said recently about the slowdown in the Indian automobile industry, in fact this sector of the Indian manufacturing industries has recorded its lowest point in terms of growth past year. In this research paper, I have taken up the issue of subcontracting of labourers as the one of the primary reason for this lag in productivity. The organised auto sector in India broadly consists of three tiers and the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) sit at the top of the chain. Most of these OEMs are members of the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), while most of the tier 1 auto component manufacturers are members of the Automobile Component Manufacturers’ Association (ACMA). Tier-2 and Tier-3 auto-component manufacturers are relatively smaller players. To assess the importance of the sub sectors in terms of generation of employment, it is essential to analyse the intensity of labour employment in these sectors. There is a concern in the industry that wages are growing for the permanent labours without proportionate increase in the productivity front. As a result, higher subcontracting takes place in order to curb wage costs both in the periphery as well as in the core sector. Contract labourers, paid comparatively much lower than the permanent employees and enjoying hardly any other benefits, make up 70-80% of the industry workforce, according to estimates by trade union leaders. The underlying tension between their aspirations and outdated labour laws cause dispute and de-incentivise work effort and lowering productivity. Literature Review In order to proceed with the analysis of subcontracting and productivity, there are literature which illustrate the importance of investment in RD. Romer (1990) has stated on the â€Å"endogenous technological change† and hence proved how RD plays an instrumental role in accelerating long run growth of a country. Thereafter, many works have been published citing the role of variable factors on RD and long term growth, which varies from economy to economy. Scholars like Goo (2011) mentioned the effects of transportation costs in RD technology sector on the endogenous growth. He showed that larger the transportation costs of RD technology, larger will be the price of RD technology and hence leading to slower economic growth. Lee (2005) empirically showed a direct and much stronger effect of information networks on international RD. Research in relation to this field by eminent economists has also discussed the strategically important interactions of firms and their implication of RD of firms and the performances. Grossman and Helpman (2002, 2003), Egger and Egger (2003), Shy and Stenbacka (2003) and Antras and Helpman (2004) established the positives of outsourcing over any other organizational structures, for example the vertical integration and foreign direct investment. If outsourcing and RD are complementary to each other, outsourcing leads to an increase in RD, which leads to a reduction of the negative impact of outsourcing on wages and employment in the outsourced countries. Based on a similar framework, Marjit and Mukherjee (2008) argued that outsourcing has a positive relationship with the RD investment and hence an increase in outsourcing causes an increase in the RD investment in small markets and highly competitive product market, whereas it decreases the RD investment in large markets Based on the efficiency wage models, which talk about the positive effect of higher wages (Shapiro and Stiglitz, 1984; Banerjee and Gupta, 1998), have shown a direct effect on labour productivity of higher wages, as result of greater incentive. Hence, a decline in wage mean declining productivity and the entrepreneurs might be reluctant to reduce the wage, even in the situations of unemployment. That is the key argument explaining unemployment and wage rigidity at the same time. Dibyendu Maiti and Sugata Marjit (2011) had focused on the subcontracting part of a typical firm to the informal sector for a developing economy. Although, these literature give us the basis of contractual labour hiring practices, but they do not mention much about the productivity perspective. Dibyendu Maiti and Sugata Marjit (2011) gave an overview of the productivity and subcontracting issue for a developing economy, this research study will only deal with the Indian automobile sector as its primary domain. Research Design and Methodology Starting with a simple framework of a firm, which has two alternatives to hire labourers, i.e. either using subcontracting way at a lower cost or it can go for permanent employment of labourers. The formal wage structure is determined exogenously at each level whereas the contractual labourers’ wages are determined endogenously by the market and using the bargaining power of the contractor. Also assuming, is the fact that contractual labour wage rate do not adjust rapidly in the short run. In case of a rise, in the wage rates of the permanent labourers the firm would go for contractual hiring, thereby increasing the demand for temporary labourers in turn leading to an increase in wages. In the short run time period, if the contractual wage rises, the firm would opt for the existing permanent labourers, which again leads to an increase in the demand for permanent labourers. With this relation between the wages of both the contractual and permanent labourers, we can establish th e fact that the contractual wage and permanent wage would be correlated. Although from a long run view, the contractual wage is adjusted by the market forces. The net effect of the above interactions between the contractual and permanent wage determines the level of wage and employment in a particular sector. In order to analyse the study, information from secondary sources of Indian database is collected. With these dataset, and to establish a significant relationship between the wages and productivity regression analysis has to be done. The study takes the annual emoluments for hired workers in Non-Directory Manufacturing Establishments (NDME) documented by National Sample Survey Organisation, Government of India and annual emoluments of the various factory workers documented by Annual Survey of Industries, Government of India, Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) and Automobile Component Manufacturers’ Association (ACMA). Running pooled OLS regression with state and time as dummy variables and panel GLS regressions to estimate the relationship between contractual wage and formal productivity, and formal wage and formal productivity controlling other variables. With the results for the regression analysis it can be showed that the correlation between formal wage and formal productivity is not statistically significant, while for the formal productivity and informal wage it is highly significant and with the GLS panel regression, it can be proved that formal productivity is highly affected by informal wage. The formal or the permanent workers’ sector does not necessarily affect the contractual workers’ sector in the long term. If the permanent wage increases, the firm will transfer its production activities from its in house permanent sector to external contractual sector which leads to two effects on the contractual wage rate. Firstly, a substitution effect would raise the demand for contract labours. The discharged labours from the formal sector due to shortage of production would also supply more labour. Therefore, the net effect remains ambiguous. If the contract labour sector have a net positive demand for labours, it would increase the employment and it would raise the informal wage when the economy is at its full employment level. Again, if net demand is negative, it might also reduce the contractual wage. This situation alters the efficiency gain of permanent labours and also brings down the condition for the contract sector. Thus a developing economy or an economy with a higher number of poor populations will have less productive permanent sector. This indicates that when a society has a greater number of poor informal workers, those who are fortunate enough to land up with relatively high-wage jobs may not be as productive as they would be in a society where access to the low wage informal segment restricted.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Philippines And United States Essay

1. How did the Philippines become a major headache for America? Filipinos erupted into an open insurrection in 1899 under Emilio Aguinaldo. The war/ conflict was sordid and prolonged. Instead of quietly assimilating, they objected. 2. Why did the United States hold on to the Philippines? Millions of American dollars were invested in improving the nation’s infrastructure and education. Moreover the 2 nations had established important economic ties including trades in sugar. 3. Why did Hay propose the Open Door Policy? What was it? He proposed it because Chinese markets were being monopolized by Europeans. Hays open door policy suggested that in their leaseholds and spheres of influence they would respect certain Chinese rights and the ideal of fair competition. 4. How did the US get â€Å"entangled† in China? American public was alarmed by European encroachments into Chinese markets and demanded that Washington should do something. Chinese did not like being used as â₠¬Å"doormats† by the Europeans and revolted. America joined in on a multinational rescue force to quell the rebellion. 5. Why was Roosevelt â€Å"kicked upstairs?† he was elected governor of New York but the local political bosses found him too headstrong and difficult to manage. 6. What were the major issues of the election of 1896? Why did McKinley win? The paramount issue as republican overseas imperialism. Along with republican fostered trusts. 7. What were Roosevelt’s general ideas on foreign and domestic policy? Domestic: mostly consisted of his ideas of the Square Deal on supporting middle class and Progressive ideas, regulating Business Monopolies, and enforcing the Anti-Trust act and hopes of protecting the common people. Also towards farmers, consumers, workers, and business owners have equal treatment and opportunity to succeed. Foreign: consisted mostly of the pressing need for the canal across Central America. Roosevelt also expanded the Monroe Doctrine in order to make new agreements with European Nations. Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine stated that if America and its protectorates receive problems and complications with other Nations, then America can handle its own issues and will not need the aid from foreign Countries. 8. Why did many Americans push for a canal in Central America? During the Spanish American war, battleship Oregon had to sail all the way across the southern tip of south America to reach the Cuban coasts. Building the canal would fortify Americas naval mobility. 9. What was the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty? What was the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty? Signed with Britain in 1850, The US could not secure exclusive control over such a route as the Panama Canal. In 1901 with the second treaty, US could build canal and fortify it too. 10. How did the US intervene in Panama to get access to the canal route? US naval forces did not let Columbian troops cross isthmus to quell the uprising. 11. What was the Hay-Banau-Varilla Treaty? Sold canal strip of ten miles for forty million. 12. How did the Panama Canal episode change US relations with Latin America? Made them bad. Fear spread and US became a bully. LOL 13. What was the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine? What was its impact? Justified US intervention in Latin American Countries. A policy of preventive intervention, it kept out European nations by allowing US forces to take over custom houses and pay off debts. Latin Americans viewed the US with disapproval as we interfered in the DR and Cuba. 14. Why was TR involved in the dispute between Japan and Russia? What was the result of his intervention? Established him as a global statesmen. Japan got no indemnity and only the southern half of Sakhalin. Japanese and American and Russian and American unfriendly relations grew. 15. What was the Gentlemen’s Agreement? Japanese flow of laborers to America by withholding passport happened and Californians were forced to repeal offensive school order. 16. What was the Root-Takahira Treaty? Japan and US will respect territorial possessions and uphold Open Door in China.

Friday, January 10, 2020

Smaller Public Companies and Sox

Should Smaller Public Companies be Exempted from Complying with SOX Section 404(b)? ABSTACT On July 21, 2010 the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act provided the non-accelerated public companies (those with a market capital below $75 million) a permanent exemption from complying with the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Section 404(b). The Section 404(b) would have required these smaller companies to do what larger companies over the $75 million market cap are currently doing; requiring an external auditor to audit their internal controls over financial reporting.However, what may seem like a huge win for the smaller companies who long have complained about the cost out weighing the benefits of complying with the standard, does not appear that way to everyone. INTRODUCTION Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act Section’s 404 (a) and (b) were created to help restore the public’s trust in what public companies are reporting in their financial statements, as well as the opinio ns on the reports that the auditors are providing on the financial statements.SOX 404(a) implies that managements of public companies assess and report on whether their internal controls over financial reporting (ICFR) are effective (United States Securities and Exchange Commission [SEC], 2009); in order to ensure that those requirements in Section 404(a) are being met, public companies are required to have an external auditor attest to management’s assessment over the ICFR (SEC, 2009). While SOX 404(a) is required by all public companies, Section 404(b) was required only by large companies (those with a market cap greater that $75 million).As for the smaller public companies (those $75 million and under), they were granted numerous extensions and were eventually permanently exempted. The main purpose of SOX 404 was to alleviate the growing tension between investors, government agencies, and public companies. While the public trust is continuing to be restored, according to r esearch and studies; unintended circumstances of the SOX 404 implementation caused massive financial burdens for smaller public companies (Garrett, 2009).The outcries from the small public companies were answered by numerous extensions on the compliance of SOX 404(b). This was in order to give these companies more time to get their internal controls in place for external auditors to attest to them. Finally, on July 21, 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) was passed. The Dodd-Frank Act provided permanent exemption from complying with the SOX 404(b) for non- accelerated public companies (those with a market capital below $75 million) (Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform, 2010, pg. 83). As a result of this Act, another issue surfaced as to why permanently exempt the smaller companies from SOX 404(b). All public companies, to include smaller public companies, should be held to the same standards and be subject to the rules under SOX 404(b). Ins tead of permanently exempted them, the SEC should have came up with a way to make it more cost effective to comply. This paper will address arguments from both sides of the Dodd-Frank Act, and why smaller firms should be required to comply with SOX 404(b).ANALYSIS The permanent exemption comes as a relief for the small public companies as complying with SOX 404(a) has been very expensive and time consuming. By adding to the cost associated with complying with SOX 404(b), it would be more than they would be able to handle. A study conducted by Financial Executives International, showed that the cost of complying with SOX for those public companies whose market cap was under $100 million was approximately $824,000 compared to $1. million for those who market cap is between $100 million to $500 million, at the time the article was written (Wolkoff, 2005). Furthermore, Wolkoff (2005) goes on to say that at the AMEX median, the median revenue for its companies are $57 million, which mean s that for these companies to comply with SOX 404(b) it would cost close to 1. 5% of its median revenue(Wolkoff, 2005). Specifically, Wolkoff states that this could â€Å"severely† have a negative impact on these companies operating margins and â€Å"in many cases to near zero — and depleting funds available for a reinvestment† (Wolkoff, 2005, pg. ). In addition, resources that could be used for other more important business needs would be diverted to costly â€Å"tedious documentation requirements†, and would not be worth the benefits derived (Garrett 2009, pg. 1). Even after the creation of Auditing Standard No. 5 (AS5), a study done by George Washington University, found that the decrease that larger public companies found with the relief provided from AS5 was not the case for smaller public companies (Garrett, 2009).Furthermore, NASDAQ research showed that based on revenue percentage it would cost 11 times more for smaller companies than larger compan ies to comply with SOX 404 (b), which creates an â€Å"unfair competitive advantage for larger companies† (Garrett, 2009 pg. 1-2). Not to mention that these smaller companies believe that the cost associated with SOX 404(b) far outweighs the benefits of compliance (Wolkoff, 2005).On the other hand, opponent’s of the Dobb-Frank Act believes that despite the George Washington University and NASDAQ studies, SOX 404 costs are still expected to go down and that the reduction is not only due to the implementation of AS5, but because of other factors. For instance, the cost of complying with SOX 404 is expected to continue to go down as companies continue to implement and document effective controls and move into the â€Å"maintenance phase of monitoring and reporting† (How Potential Changes in Small-Company, 2006, pg. 7).As this relates to SOX 404(b), this could also mean that once the external auditors have completed their first audit of the company’s internal controls and improvements are made based on the outcome of the audit, audit fees should go down because the audits will become easier since any ineffective internal controls should have been or is being addressed. Another SOX 404(b) obstacle that proponents of the Dobb-Frank Act believed threatened the small companies was that the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) was trying to take a â€Å"one size fits all† approach.Meaning, the SEC was trying to use the same standards for both large and small companies when regulating corporate governance. Proponents felt that this was unfeasible because larger companies were in a better financial position to handle the expense for consultant and external audit fees that came with the SOX 404 regulations. For example, an increased auditing bill to $500 thousand for a company who has a $10 billion market cap would not have the same effect on a company with a market cap of $100 million (Wolkoff, 2005).Conversely, an analysis done by CRA International for the Big Four, reported that audit fees did not make up the majority of the cost associated with SOX 404. Specifically, the smaller of the larger companies that had to comply with all sections of SOX 404 (i. e. , those with market caps between $75 and $700 million); 35% of those costs were related to audit cost (How Potential Changes in Small-Company, 2006) as it relates to SOX 404(b). Additionally, those companies with a market cap over $700 million, only 26% were related to audit cost (How Potential Changes in Small-Company, 2006).Although the compliance with SOX 404(b) was implemented to restore investor’s confidence, Wolkoff (2005) states that in doing so caused a deterrent in the number of small firms that would go public both domestically and overseas. The Amex has seen the impact as the number of small companies that have delisted from the Exchange has increased (Wolkoff, 2005), and those that would have joined decided not to, which reduces the number of initial public offerings in the United States.The SOX Act, specifically, Sections 404(a) and (b), didn’t take into account that large companies have a more complex business structure, which makes for more complex accounting practices (Wolkoff, 2005). For example, the segregation of duties obstacles that many smaller companies are faced with and do not have the resources to fix this control problem. According to Wolkoff (2005), the SEC should have taken that into consideration the â€Å"market cap† or â€Å"minimal revenue† that a company generates and apply different standards accordingly (pg. 1).Another point that proponents of the Dobb-Frank Act made was that scandals like Enron are least likely to happen in smaller public companies. The reasoning behind this is that smaller companies are not normally out to cheat themselves. This is because these smaller companies are usually run by the people that founded the companies or closely related (Wolkoff, 2005). However, by requiring smaller public companies to comply with SOX 404(b), will not only ensure that they are in compliance with SOX 404(a), but it will also help these companies by uncovering inefficiencies in some processes.This in turn will help the companies because it will â€Å"†¦makes fraud harder to commit and easier to detect† (Aguilar, 2010, pg. 33). Especially since smaller companies are in a better position and at greater risk for committing fraud and accounting manipulations (Aguilar, 2010). Furthermore, who is to say those smaller companies’ investors do not deserve the same level of confidence and â€Å"financial reporting safeguards† that larger public companies’ investors are receiving (Solnik, 2010).In addition, studies have shown a correlation between â€Å"weak internal controls and poorer earnings relative to effective internal controls† (Hamilton, J. , 2009). In time of a declining economy, the temptations for fraudulent r eporting is increased and by having smaller companies comply with SOX 404(b) serves as a deterrent for those temptations (Hamilton, J. , 2009). Lastly, smaller public companies feel that they have already spent a lot of money just to be in compliance with SOX 404(a), and do not feel the need to be monitored by external auditors.This is because they feel that are capable of monitoring, finding, and remediating deficiencies through internal audits (Solnik, 2010). However, as previously mentioned, SOX 404(b) was not only put in place to ensure that public companies were in compliance with SOX 404(a), but to also have it attested by an independent auditor. This not only helps restore investor’s confidence, but also provides the public companies beneficial information as to whether or not they have proper controls in place and/or additional controls are needed.Moreover, small companies may be putting themselves at risk especially, if the investors penalized them for not meeting th e â€Å"transparency norms† that is projected by external auditors (Silverstein, 2008 pg. 26). Especially since there are approximately 7,300 smaller public companies, which accounts for 65% of the overall public companies (Hamilton, J. 2009). CONCLUSION While there are good cases made from both sides of the Dobb-Frank Act, permanently exempted smaller companies doesn’t solve the issue of ensuring compliance with SOX 404(a) is being followed.More importantly, it doesn’t provide the smaller public investors with the same confidences as large public investors as to whether or not the proper controls are in place, and/or whether the controls are effective. By having external auditors attest to ICFR it will provide the smaller companies’ investors the same boost of confidences as its larger counterparts. Instead of permanent exemption, other means should be looked at in order to make it to where it is cost effective to comply with SOX 404(b).Also, as recommen ded by the Key Advisory Committee, â€Å"[e]xempt some smaller public companies entirely from SOX 404 reporting requirements, but add stricter corporate governance requirements for those companies† (How Potential Changes in Small-Company, 2006, pg. 6). That way we will not have to wait until another scandal is made public to scramble and make these changes; as the old saying goes, â€Å"It’s not if, but when†. REFERENCES Aguilar,  M. (2010,  May). Small filers struggle with internal controls over fraud. Compliance Week,  7(76),  33,74.Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. Conference Report to Accompany H. R. 4173. House of Representative , 111th Cong. 583 (2010). Garrett, S. 2009. Garrett introduces SOX exemption for small businesses, Press release, Oct. 8,2009. Hamilton,  J. (2009, June). Section 404 works and is important for small companies, Aguilar feels. SEC Filings Insight,1,4. Retr ieved from ABI/INFORM Global. How potential changes in small-company SOX regulations could affect your firm. (2006,  February).Accounting Office Management & Administration Report,  06(2),  1,6+. Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry Silverstein, M. (2008,  December). (Sarbanes-Oxley Revisited:) The Good, the Bad, the Lessons. New Jersey Business,  54(12),  26. Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Dateline Solnik, C. (2010,  July). Small companies push to gain permanent exemption from Sarbanes-Oxley requirement Silverstein nts. Long Island Business News. Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Dateline. United States Securities and Exchange Commission, Office of Economic Analysis. 2009). Study of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Section 404 Internal Control over Financial Reporting Requirements. Retrieved from http://www. sec. gov/news/studies/2009/sox-404_study. pdf Whitehouse,  T. (2009,  April). SOX 404 Compliance Improves for All but the Small. Compliance Week,  6(63),  42-43. R etrieved from ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry. Wolkoff, N. L   (2005,  August). Sarbanes-Oxley Is a Curse for Small-Cap Companies. Wall Street Journal (Eastern Edition),  p. A. 13. Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

Using the Spanish Verb Hacer

Hacer is one of the most versatile verbs in the Spanish language, and it is used in a wide range of expressions that youll use daily. Although it is often said to mean to make or to do, in context it can refer to almost any activity as well as the act of becoming. Except as a simple question ( ¿hace? can mean something like will that do? and  ¿quà © haces? means what are you doing? or what are you making?), hacer very seldom stands alone. It is almost always followed by a noun. Key Takeaways Although  hacer  often is translated as to make or to do, it can be used in many other ways, including time and weather expressions.The reflexive form  hacerse  can also mean to become or to turn into.Hacer  is irregular in nearly all its forms. Uses for Hacer Here are some of the most common uses of hacer: To indicate the making or creation of something: A number of translations of the verb can be used in English depending on what is being made. Vamos a hacer una pà ¡gina web. (Were going to design a web page.)Hizo una casa grande en Chicago. (He built a large house in Chicago.)Hice un libro sobre mi tà ­a. (I wrote a book about my aunt.)El à ¡rbol hace sombra. (The tree provides shade.) As a general verb meaning to do: Hacer can refer to an activity in general, or it can replace a verb used earlier. No hizo nada. (She didnt do anything.)Yo comà ­a mucho y à ©l hacà ­a el mismo. (I ate a lot and he did the same.)Haz lo que digo, no lo que hago. (Do what I say, not what I do.)Hice mal en no estudiar. (I did wrong not to study.) As part of an expression or idiom indicating an act of some kind:  ¿Quieres hacer una pregunta? (Do you want to ask a question?)El acto terrorista le hizo daà ±o a mucha gente. (The terrorist act hurt a lot of people.)Hizo pedazos el comprobante. (He tore the receipt into pieces.) In weather terms: Typically, weather terms use a third-person singular form of hacer followed by a noun. Hace frà ­o. (Its cold.)Hacà ­a viento por todas partes. (It was windy everywhere.) In time expressions: Typically, hace is followed by a period of time to indicate how long ago something happened or started. El dà ³lar cae a niveles de hace dos aà ±os. (The dollar is falling to levels of two years ago.)Este virus se descubrià ³ hace poco tiempo. (This virus was discovered a short time ago.)La tengo desde hace tres dà ­as y estoy muy contento con ella. (I have had it since three days ago and am very happy with it.) To show causation: In some cases, hacer is used similarly to the English make to indicate why sometime happened. Ella me hace feliz. (She makes me happy.)Eso me hizo sentir mal. (That made me feel bad.) To indicate the act of becoming: The reflexive form hacerse is often used to indicate change. Se hace mà ¡s feliz. (Hes becoming happier.)Me hice hindà º. (I became a Hindu.)Se hicieron amigos. (They became friends.) In various impersonal expressions: In some cases, hacer can become the equivalent of to be. Hace un dà ­a esplà ©ndido. (Its a terrific day.)Voy si hace falta. (Im going if its necessary.)Hay gente que hace carrera sin talento. (There are people who are successful without talent.) To indicate the taking of a role: The role can be deliberate or not. Hizo el papel estelar en El Barbero de Sevilla. (He had the starring role in The Barber of Seville.)Hacà ­a el tonto con perfeccià ³n. (He played the perfect fool.)Hizo como que no entendà ­a nada. (She acted as if she understood nothing.) To indicate how something seems: The reflexive form is sometimes used in this way. Piorno se hace simpà ¡tico por su acento caribeà ±o. (Piorno seems friendly because of his Caribbean accent.)Las horas se hacà ­an muy largas. (The hours seemed very long.) Conjugation of Hacer Like most much-used verbs, hacers conjugation is highly irregular. Here are the conjugations of the irregular indicative forms, with irregular conjugations in boldface: Present: yo hago, tà º haces, à ©l/ella/usted hace, hay (impersonal), nosotros/nosotras hacemos, vosotros/vosotras hacà ©is, ellos/ellas/ustedes hacen.Preterite: yo hice, tà º hiciste, à ©l/ella/usted hizo, hay nosotros/nosotras hicimos, vosotros/vosotras hicisteis, ellos/ellas/ustedes hicieron.Future: yo harà ©, tà º harà ©s, à ©l/ella/usted harà ¡, nosotros/nosotras haremos, vosotros/vosotras harà ©is, ellos/ellas/ustedes harà ¡n.Conditional: yo harà ­a, tà º harà ­as, à ©l/ella/usted harà ­a, nosotros/nosotras harà ­amos, vosotros/vosotras harà ­ais, ellos/ellas/ustedes harà ­an.